The warehouse sector is facing rising labor costs, high employee turnover, real estate pressures, and growing demands from e-commerce and production. Manual facilities struggle to keep pace as consumers expect faster delivery and full traceability, while the physical strain of warehouse work deters many employees and raises health and safety risks.
At the same time, economic uncertainty and trade tariffs are delaying major capital investments, such as new warehouse construction. Instead, companies are retrofitting existing sites and adopting high-density automation to maximize space and boost efficiency. According to Interact Analysis, brownfield projects will dominate warehouse automation in the near term, with construction recovery not expected until 2027.
These pressures are accelerating adoption of automation to reduce physical strain, increase throughput, cut errors, and improve the flexibility and scalability of their operations.
AutoStore is a high-speed robotic, cube storage and retrieval system where robots travel on top of a compact grid structure to retrieve inventory bins and deliver them to workstations for picking. It is the fastest automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) per square foot in the market, and the most efficient and reliable storage system in the world.
All AutoStore storage systems comprise the same basic components, but each solution is customized:
So, now that we know all the components, how does AutoStore actually work? Let's break it down into a few key processes that happen from when the inbound shipment arrives to when the order gets picked:
AutoStore delivers excellent gains in space, labor, and accuracy, but it’s the engineering details that set it apart from other robotic ASRS systems.
But here’s where AutoStore pulls away from the pack:
In short: AutoStore is denser, faster to deploy, more reliable, and more energy-efficient than other robotic ASRS systems, making it the warehouse automation solution that actually delivers in the real world.
The Grid is the backbone of AutoStore, maximizing storage density by stacking bins vertically and allowing robots to travel on top to retrieve inventory. Inspired by the Rubik’s Cube, the Grid is an aluminum cubic frame where bins are stored directly on top of one another, eliminating aisles and wasted space while creating the densest storage structure on the market.
Its modular design means the Grid can be installed and expanded easily without interrupting operations. It can fit around columns, extend across multiple floors, or even be built over walkways — adapting to almost any building layout.
The grid has two tracks on top that run in the X and Y directions, forming a "highway" for the robots as their wheels glide along these tracks.
Featured Above: Single/Double Grid
Today, most customers choose the Double/Double Grid (DDG), which has two tracks in both X and Y directions for maximum robot flexibility and efficiency, though Single/Double Grid remains useful in extremely space-constrained environments where every centimeter counts. The Double/Double Grid adds about 1 cm of width per bin stack.
To make use of vertical space, AutoStore can utilize Bin Lifts which transport bins between levels:
High-speed robots move across the top of the Grid, digging down into columns of the grid, retrieving bins, and delivering them to connected ports. When the system controller requests an item, a robot locates the correct bin, lifts it from the stack, and carries it to the edge of the Grid, where it’s lowered to a port. Meanwhile, other robots keep the Grid organized, returning displaced bins to their proper spots.
AutoStore robots fall into two families:
R5+ Pro combines the best of both worlds — the fast charging and efficiency of the Pro with the capacity to carry the 425 mm bin — making it the top choice for large, always-on operations with a wide range of inventory sizes.
( + models = larger bin capacity; Pro models = fast charging)
| Type of Robot | 220 mm | 330 mm | 425 mm | Fast-Charging? |
| R5 | ✓ | ✓ | X | No |
| R5+ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | No |
| R5 Pro | ✓ | ✓ | X | Yes |
| R5+ Pro | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Yes |
AutoStore robots are designed to manage energy autonomously, making them both efficient and low maintenance. Ten robots together use about the same power as a single 100-watt vacuum cleaner.
Model-specific charging differences:
A good rule of thumb for determining how many charge stations are needed is if you have more than 10 R5 and R5+ robots, you should have chargers for at least 75% of the robot count. For example, if you have 20 total robots, you should have at least 15 charging stations. Pro fleets need fewer chargers thanks to fast-charging capability.
How many AutoStore robots do I need?
A general rule of thumb is that one robot can deliver around 30 bins per hour. So, to estimate how many robots you need, take the total number of order lines that must be picked in one hour and divide that number by 30.
For example, I need enough robots to support 300 order lines per hour. The equation is: 300 / 30 = 10 Robots
Brandon Hochstedler
Senior Design Consultant, Kardex
AutoStore bins are the foundation of its storage density and flexibility. Each standardized container stacks neatly inside the Grid, eliminating wasted space and supporting high SKU consolidation with dividers.
Each AutoStore bin has a standard base footprint of 600 mm x 400 mm and is available in 3 different heights to support different inventory profiles:
When referring to bin sizes, most people will simply refer to the height metric (220 mm, 330 mm, or 425 mm) since the length and width metrics are all the same.
| Bin Size | Max. Bin Stack Height | Max. Compartments | Max. Load Capacity |
| 220 mm | 26 bins | 32 compartments | 66 lbs (30 kg) |
| 330 mm | 18 bins | 32 compartments | 66 lbs (30 kg) |
| 425 mm | 14 bins | 8 compartments | 66 lbs (30 kg) |
AutoStore’s FlexBin innovation expands the system’s core capabilities by allowing multiple bin heights (220 mm, 330 mm, and 425 mm) to be stored within a single grid. This flexibility enables more efficient storage of a wider range of SKU sizes and can improve cube utilization by up to 15%.
For example, your largest SKUs may require 425 mm bins but represent only a small percentage of your total inventory. Without FlexBin capability, you would face two inefficient options:
A) Use 425 mm bins for all SKUs, leaving wasted space in bins holding smaller items, or
B) Exclude your largest SKUs from AutoStore entirely, resulting in a fragmented and less efficient system.
With FlexBins, you achieve the best of both worlds—optimized bin utilization and a unified storage solution that supports every SKU size within a single AutoStore grid.
P.S. Pair FlexBins with the Kardex Intuitive Picking Assistant (IPA) and Kardex FulfillX to achieve the densest and most intelligent AutoStore system available on the market.
The maximum bin weight that the AutoStore robot can handle is 66 lbs (30 kg). This does not include the weight of the Bin itself. There are sensors at each workstation that will prevent the system from accepting an overweight bin.
Bins are stacked directly on top of each other inside the grid columns — up to 26 levels for the 220 mm bin, 18 levels for the 330 mm bin, and 14 levels for the 425 mm bin. This vertical stacking eliminates the wasted airspace found in traditional shelving, where gaps are left between stored items and the next shelf above.
Dividers let AutoStore bins hold multiple SKUs in one container, reducing the number of bins needed and boosting storage density. The 220 mm and 330 mm bins can be split into up to 32 compartments, while the 425 mm bin supports up to 8.
AutoStore Ports (Workstations) are the operator's interface with AutoStore. This is where bins are presented for order picking, replenishment, consolidation, and other inventory actions. Different types of ports support different workflows, from conveyor-fed access to ergonomic or high-throughput designs.
The software is the brains of the operation, and there are a few critical components to understand the software and how it all works together.
AutoStore can run without a WES, but for complex operations, it’s like flying out of an airport without a gate assignment — possible, but highly inefficient. The best integrators layer on a WES to orchestrate workflows between the AutoStore software and the broader WMS.
The Software Ecosystem in Action:
If you picture the AutoStore system as an airport:
Grid = airport itself (infrastructure / runways / taxiways)
Sure, you could run AutoStore without a WES...but that's like trying to fly out of an airport without knowing your gate.
Kardex can install AutoStore either as standalone AutoStore storage systems or integrated into an overall logistics concept, enhanced by a growing range of dedicated products and expanded functionalities. These include:
The Kardex FulfillX Warehouse Execution System (WES) is purpose-built to enable AutoStore to ramp up faster and meet or exceed business cases in as little as six months. Kardex FulfillX enhances the performance of AutoStore by maximizing robot utilization, improving operator workflows, increasing inventory accuracy, and providing flexibility to adapt to changing warehouse demands.
The Intuitive Picking Assistant (IPA) features optical state capture and AI capabilities. It uses digital tools and augmented reality to allow accurate, ergonomic picking by responding to workers’ movements and projecting relevant picking information directly onto the surface of the access opening.
Kardex SnapVac (KSV) is the first and only semi-automated cleaning robot designed for AutoStore. Built as an attachment for the Red Line series, Kardex SnapVac features a compact vacuum unit mounted on top with a tube running along the robot's body to clean the AutoStore grid surface as it moves.
The Sensor Cleaning Station is a fully automated solution designed to maintain optimal performance of AutoStore Robots. It is built into the top level of the grid and it lets out a puff of air while a robot is sitting on top of it, ensuring that the Robots' wheels remain clean.
Kardex FulfillX optimizes storage inside each AutoStore bin with Paccurate’s cubing logic and guides operators to the right shipping carton size, reducing wasted space, packaging, and shipping costs.
AutoStore’s AutoCase solution enables both case induction and extraction within the same grid, supporting full or open case picking alongside traditional each picking. This flexibility reduces the need to manually decant individual items into bins and allows companies to consolidate technologies previously used to handle eaches and cases separately.
Kardex FulfillX extends this capability by enabling direct picking into shippable containers that can be stored within the grid until final release for shipping—eliminating extra handling steps.
Together, AutoCase and Kardex FulfillX transform AutoStore into a combined storage, retrieval, and shipping sortation system, optimizing throughput and simplifying warehouse operations.
Installing an AutoStore system is faster and less disruptive than most competing warehouse automation technologies. The process begins with preparing the warehouse floor to ensure proper leveling and load-bearing capacity. Once the floor is ready, the modular aluminum grid is assembled with typically only 4 tools required:
Kardex has refined this process to deliver exceptionally fast project timelines. For systems with up to 25,000 bins, 25 robots, and 5 ports with a fully functional WES, Kardex can implement and commission a complete AutoStore solution in as little as six months. By comparison, many competing technologies such as shuttle-based ASRS often take 12 months or longer to reach go-live.
Using Kardex's Bin Induct AI, you can automate the bin verification process during system setup to reduce installation time and manual labor.
Traditionally, each bin must be manually checked to ensure proper construction and alignment—placed in a gauge, loaded into the port, and scanned. With Bin Induct AI, bins are automatically verified (or rejected) as they are placed in the port, with no manual scans required.
Using artificial intelligence, the system validates:
This process ensures that every bin entering the grid meets Kardex’s precision standards, improving installation speed and long-term system reliability.
AutoStore’s updated floor flatness standard streamlines site preparation by loosening tolerance from ±0.5 mm to ±1 mm. This change allows the use of cost-effective 3D laser scanning and eliminates the need for grinding in most installations.
For Kardex customers, this improvement enables the installation of larger systems (up to 10% more bins) within the same six-month delivery commitment. By reducing remediation time and improving installation efficiency, Kardex accelerates project timelines while maintaining precision and quality.
AutoStore’s optimized fire protection standard lowers sprinkler height and water-pressure requirements, reducing overall fire-infrastructure costs by up to 35%.
AutoStore systems integrated by Kardex and equipped with Unify deliver exceptional reliability, achieving an average uptime of 99.94% across our North American customers. This impressive availability helps operations maintain consistent productivity and meet demanding service goals with confidence.
This outstanding system uptime can be attributed to Kardex's methodical system design as well as the hands-on, proactive approach from our Life Cycle Services team after deployment.
On-grid maintenance or inspections can be performed by using the Service Vehicle Unit (SVU) where maintenance personnel sit on a platform that rolls across the top of the grid.
If a robot is required to be serviced off of the grid, maintenance personnel can push the robot along the track and outside the walled grid area via a service window built into the grid.
So, what types of companies use or could benefit from AutoStore? It's suited for many unique operations and workflows, covering industries diverse as e-commerce, cold chain storage and just-in-time manufacturing.
In a competitive logistics landscape, 3PLs seek to add value with faster setups, lower upfront costs, and simplified contracting. Kardex enables 3PLs to integrate AutoStore directly into customer lease agreements, turning automation into an operating expense rather than a capital project.
AutoStore is built for high-volume, high-mix order fulfillment. Its compact design enables e-commerce companies to locate closer to end customers, even in small or irregular buildings.
AutoStore's traceability, accuracy, and ability to operate in controlled temperature zones make it ideal for pharmaceutical and hospital fulfillment.
AutoStore supports lean production environments with just-in-time and just-in-sequence delivery of parts, as well as secure, traceable storage for tools and spares.
AutoStore is adaptable to temperature-controlled environments and ideal for operations that require SKU density and fast order processing.
AutoStore, combined with Kardex FulfillX, supports a variety of workflows tailored to industry needs:
The cost of an AutoStore system depends on factors such as grid size, number of robots and ports, software, and performance-enhancing add-ons. While every project is unique, most AutoStore systems achieve ROI within 2–3 years thanks to labor savings, higher throughput, and ultra-high storage density — often increasing usable space by up to 400% compared to manual racks.
The total cost of ownership (TCO) of an AutoStore system empowered by Kardex is dependent on a range of variables, including the solutions required, installation and commissioning costs, the size of the AutoStore Grid, the number of robots, ports, and any additional technologies required. We have three levels of support, which provide varying levels of ongoing support for different annual fees, and there is also an annual licensing for AutoStore software. In our full guide, we reveal the average price of an AutoStore system (something most providers won't tell you upfront) as well as internal rate of return, payback period, and ROI.
There are various leasing options available by Kardex, including a ‘zero-down lease’, providing an almost immediate ROI once the system is installed. The hybrid leasing options are also popular, with customers paying for project management services and leasing the AutoStore hardware to spread the cost between capex and lease.
We have worked closely with our financing partners to secure excellent leasing rates for AutoStore storage systems and customers can take out a ‘lease to own’ option, purchasing the AutoStore system at a reduced rate at the end of the five-year term. Grids can be expanded and additional robots or ports added during the leasing term.
When comparing AutoStore with shuttle systems, traditional racks, or other robotic ASRS, AutoStore stands out for its density, scalability, and fast installation. While some legacy systems deliver higher throughput, they are often more complex, less flexible, and take much longer to implement.
AutoStore, the technology provider, does not perform integration or installation of its systems. Instead, the business utilizes strategic partners across the globe.
Selecting the right AutoStore integration partner will determine the success of your warehouse automation project and ensure you fully understand how AutoStore works. An experienced AutoStore integrator will provide the expertise needed for fast implementation and will work with your company to ensure you have the customized solution to meet your specific operational needs, both now and into the future.
Working with an integrator that asks the right questions and collaborates with you to understand your site, throughput, workflows and growth plans will provide the best system. And the right integrator will be there with you after your AutoStore goes live to provide the ongoing and maintenance support you need.
Every year, AutoStore provides each partner with a scorecard that evaluates its performance across several categories, including Innovation, Post-Sales, and Customer Satisfaction, among others that reflect overall partnership strength.
Here's how Kardex stacks up in North America this year:
| Category | Partner Average | Kardex |
| Innovation | 3.7 | 4.4 |
| Post-Sales | 3.6 | 4.3 |
| Customer Satisfaction | 3.2 | 4.5 |
If you're speaking to multiple AutoStore integration partners, make sure you ask the partner for their scores.
Companies around the world are becoming more interested in how AutoStore works and the wide range of benefits it could bring to their warehouse operations both now and into the future. At Kardex, we provide a range of purchase and leasing options, dedicated support to develop the customized solution your business needs, and a growing portfolio of dedicated products designed to enhance the performance of AutoStore.
Most AutoStore systems achieve ROI in 2 - 3 years.
A complete AutoStore system can be installed within months. Example, Balluff, Inc. went live 6 months with 177% throughput increase.
A general rule of thumb is that one AutoStore robot can deliver around 30 bins per hour. To estimate the number of robots you will need, you can divide the total number of lines that need to be picked in an hour by 30. If you need 300 lines per hour, you would need roughly 10 robots.
Yes, it can start small with only a few robots and bins, then scale as you grow.
AutoStore allows you to store more products in less space, which can affect insurance policies and fire suppression requirements. Kardex helps navigate these regulations and can adapt system design to reduce suppression costs. The system has undergone extensive fire suppression testing and integrates with facility fire alarms so that robots simplify access to the grid, allowing for emergency response.
Yes, simply add more robots, ports, and bins without stopping operations.
AutoStore is ideal for storing and handling small parts and components, apparel, shoes, beauty supplies, electronics, automotive parts, electrical wiring bundles, boxed items, and more.
Average uptime rates are 99.94% for systems implemented by Kardex.
Kardex is a top global AutoStore integration partner, providing, design, full system integration, and comprehensive lifecycle support.
In North America, Kardex is rated the #1 partner, outperforming others in the AutoStore-assigned scorecard.
Kardex, your global AutoStore partner, offers preventative maintenance, comprehensive training for you and your operators, post go-live monthly support, emergency support, and a Peak Season Readiness Assessment.